All you need to know about CD and DVD Duplication and Replication
Some useful FAQ's
How long does it take to burn a CD-R?
The time it takes to burn a CD-R depends on two things; the speed you are burning at and how much information you are burning. CD drives can currently burn at up to 52X. Assuming you are burning a full disc, 700MB, at the maximum speed your burn time will be approximately two and a half minutes. However if you prefer to record at the slower speed of 16X it will take three and a half to four minutes.What types of CD printers are available?
There are three main types of CD printing currently available. Ink jet, thermal, and silkscreen.How long does it take to print a CD with an ink jet printer?
The time it takes to print onto a CD depends on three things, the resolution, the coverage and the image. A high quality photograph covering 100% of the CD will take longer than a small single colour logo which only covers 25% of the disc.How many discs can I print with one ink cartridge?
Again, it will depend on what kind of images you are printing and how much of the same color they use. Typically, you can get around 150-300 discs per cartridge. The higher the resolution, the more ink that is used per disc.How much information can you fit onto a DVD?
This question is not as simple as it would seem to be. With a CD, you have 650 MB or 700 MB and that would fit 74 minutes and 80 minutes respectively. With a DVD, you are dealing with 4.7 GB of information, or roughly 7 CDs worth of space. The major difference comes in when discussing how much video or audio can you put onto a disc. With DVD, you can no longer measure the video and audio in terms of length as you could in the CD world. With DVD, you are compressing the video and audio before it goes onto the disc. The more or less you compress, the more or less available space you have on the disc. For video files, assuming you are encoding into MPEG-2 format, a good rule of thumb is a 2-hour movie will fit onto a 4.7 GB disc. For audio files, it will vary depending on how many channels you are encoding. If you are only using stereo two-track, you can fit about 6 hours worth of audio onto a 4.7 GB disc. If your audio is in 5.1 surround sound, you can fit about 2 hours of audio onto a discWill my audio quality suffer by recording at fast speeds?
To answer this question, there are several factors that need to be addressed. First, is the CD burner you are using of professional standard? There are many brands of CD burners on the market, but there are a limited few that would be considered a quality recorder. These professional standard recorders include Plextor, Teac, and Sanyo to name a few. The next factor to look at is what is the quality of the CD-R media you are using? As with recorders, there are some good manufacturers and there are some bad manufacturers. I recommend Taiyo Yuden as the best quality piece of media on the market. Some other notable brands include Mitsui and Verbatim. Assuming you are using a professional recorder with professional media, there should not be a noticeable difference in your audio quality. Some have claimed to hear audible differences between discs burned at lower speeds and those burned. Many times, this is due to poor quality media, a low-end recorder, or both. If you have a pair of the greatest ears, along with a tweaked out room, you may hear a difference between recording speeds. The question to ask is not do you hear a difference, but will your listeners? Even people with good stereo systems cannot match an acoustically pleasing mixing room, not to mention a pair of good ears is hard to come by. For all practical purposes, there will be no audible difference between 1X and 16X recorded CD-Rs.Encryption
In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. The result of the process is encrypted information (in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext). In many contexts, the word encryption also implicitly refers to the reverse process, decryption (e.g. “software for encryption” can typically also perform decryption), to make the encrypted information readable again (i.e. to make it unencrypted).Encryption has long been used by militaries and governments to facilitate secret communication. Encryption is now used in protecting information within many kinds of civilian systems, such as computers, networks (e.g. the Internet e-commerce), mobile telephones, wireless microphones, wireless intercom systems, Bluetooth devices and bank automatic teller machines. Encryption is also used in digital rights management to restrict the use of copyrighted material and in software copy protection to protect against reverse engineering and software piracy.
Encryption, by itself, can protect the confidentiality of messages, but other techniques are still needed to verify the integrity and authenticity of a message; for example, a message authentication code (MAC) or digital signatures. Standards and cryptographic software and hardware to perform encryption are widely available, but successfully using encryption to ensure security is a challenging problem. A single slip-up in system design or execution can allow successful attacks. Sometimes an adversary can obtain unencrypted information without directly undoing the encryption. See traffic analysis, TEMPEST
Copy protection
Also known as copy prevention or copy restriction, is a kind of hardware or storage media oriented method for technologically preventing unauthorized reproduction of copyrighted software, movies, music, and other media1.In the absence of copy protection, media are easy to copy in their entirety using a machine (as opposed to photocopying each page of a book). This results in a situation where consumers can easily make copies of the items to give to their friends, a practice known as “casual copying”. This practice reduces the number of people in the market who lack the product. Copy protection is most commonly found on videotapes, DVDs, computer software discs, video game discs and cartridges, and more recently, some audio CDs.
Companies that choose to publish works under copy protection do so because they believe that the added expense of implementing the copy protection will be offset by even greater increases in revenue by creating a greater scarcity of casually copied media.
Opponents of copy protection argue that people who obtain free copies only use what they can get for free, and would not purchase their own copy if they were unable to obtain a free copy. Some even argue that it increases profit; people who receive a free copy of a music CD may then go and buy more of that band’s music, which they would not have done otherwise.
Some publishers have avoided copy-protecting their products, on the theory that the resulting inconvenience to their users outweighs any benefit of frustrating “casual copying”. No formal studies have been conducted which demonstrate the truth or falsehood of this belief.
The term copy protection refers to the technology used to attempt to frustrate copying, and not to the legal remedies available to publishers or authors whose copyrights are violated. Software usage models evolve beyond node locking to floating licenses (where up to N licenses can be concurrently used across an enterprise), grid computing (where multiple computers function as one unit and so use a common license) and electronic licensing (where features can be purchased and activated online). The term license management refers to broad platforms which enable the specification, enforcement and tracking of software licenses. To safeguard copy protection and license management technologies themselves against tampering and hacking, software anti-tamper methods are used.
***Information Taken from Wikepida.com
What is a DVD-RW?
A DVD-RW is a rewritable optical disc with equal storage capacity to a DVD-R, typically 4.7 GB. The format was developed by Pioneer in November 1999 and has been approved by the DVD Forum. Unlike DVD-RAM, it is playable in about 75% of conventional DVD players.The primary advantage of DVD-RW over DVD-R is the ability to erase and rewrite to a DVD-RW disc. According to Pioneer, DVD-RW discs may be written to about 1,000 times before needing replacement, making them comparable with the CD-RW standard. DVD-RW discs are commonly used for volatile data, such as backups or collections of files. They are also increasingly used for home DVD video recorders. One benefit to using a rewritable disc is if there are writing errors when recording data, the disc is not ruined and can still store data by erasing the faulty data.
Unlike DVD-R, the DVD-RW standard has always dictated a capacity of 4.7 GB. One competing rewritable format is DVD+RW. Hybrid drives that can handle both, often labeled "DVD±RW", are very popular since there is not yet a single standard for recordable DVDs.
The recording layer in DVD-RW and DVD+RW is not an organic dye, but a special phase change metal alloy, often GeSbTe. The alloy can be switched back and forth between a crystalline phase and an amorphous phase, changing the reflectivity, depending on the power of the laser beam. Data can thus be written, erased and re-written.
What is USB Duplication?
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a serial bus standard to interface devices. USB was designed to allow peripherals to be connected using a single standardized interface socket and to improve plug-and-play capabilities by allowing devices to be connected and disconnected without rebooting the computer (hot swapping). Other convenient features include providing power to low-consumption devices without the need for an external power supply and allowing many devices to be used without requiring manufacturer specific, individual device drivers to be installed.USB is intended to help retire all legacy varieties of serial and parallel ports. USB can connect computer peripherals such as mouse devices, keyboards, PDAs, gamepads and joysticks, scanners, digital cameras, printers, personal media players, and flash drives. For many of those devices USB has become the standard connection method. USB is also used extensively to connect non-networked printers; USB simplifies connecting several printers to one computer. The large volume of USB memory devices and their ease of use has created a security concern that is often overlooked. USB lock software can lock out memory devices and still allow other USB peripherals to function. The USB was originally designed for personal computers, but it has become commonplace on other devices such as PDAs and video game consoles. In 2004, there were about 1 billion USB devices in the world. *** info take from wikipedia.com
USB Duplication is good for a company who is looking for a means of marketing their products and services which will allow for clients to pay attention to both presentation and data. In addition, to fact that it’s a marketing tool that many will not trash. So having a customize USB with your logo and company information will give you exposure you truly need.
Aspect Ratio
The height to width ratio in PC and TV monitors. In video terms, the display frame can have different rectangular shapes, determined by its recording aspect ratio. Standard television is shown in a ratio of 4:3 (4 units of width to 3 units of height), whereas High Definition displays with a ratio of 16:9. DVD-Video also offers anamorphic and letterbox display formats as options. Not all TV sets offer a 'widescreen' option, and viewing a film using a different aspect ratio shows black bars at the top and the bottom of the screen.AVI
Audio-Video Interleaved is the format specified for Video for Windows (Microsoft), which, as implied, carries video and audio coding in an interleaved stream. This AVI format can be used for video streaming, and is widely compatible for multimedia delivery.Bandwidth
Originally a range of frequencies, in current computer industry it describes the capacity or amount of traffic (data, voice, video, etc) per unit of time. In computerized communications it is expressed in Mbits/sec. Some of the new microcomputer buses and local buses have bandwidths of about 132 MBytes/sec. Beta SPBeta SP
stands for Beta Superior Performance, referring to the videotape format Betacam that originated in the early 1980s and reached a zenith with the SP iteration in 1986. Beta SP utilizes metal-formulated tape as opposed to Betacam’s oxide tape composition, and has an increased horizontal resolution of 340 lines. The larger cassette size of Beta SP enabled 90 minutes of recording time with this variety, and became the industry standard for high-end production houses and most TV stations until the late 1990s. Despite the age of the format, Beta SP remains a common standard for video post-production even today.Blu-Ray
A Blu-ray Disc (also called BD) is a high-density optical disc format for the distribution and storage of digital media particularly high-definition video. Blu-Ray is capable of outputting video in resolutions up to 1080p, carries 25 Gigabytes per layer. A disc is currently capable of holding two layers for a minimum of 50 gigabytes per disc. Blu-Ray has not been adopted at a fast rate, and is still a growing technology. Players are uncommon, and somewhat pricy, starting at around $600 and going drastically upwards.Byte
A Byte is a section of computer data, which is basically the smallest unit of measure in data storage terms. A byte consists of 8 bits (a bit is a 1 or a 0, binary data), so, for example, 2 bytes actually can contain up to 16 bits. Many data storage devices sometimes store data incompletely in a byte, (for example, they store 14 bits in a 2 byte range), which after some time can lead to fragmentation, or empty gaps between the bytes. All data devices, such as floppies, hard drives, CD’s and DVD’s all record data in terms of bytes.Capacity of CD-ROM
In general, the term capacity refers to the capacity of a standard 12cm CD, in megabytes of user data. Currently, there are CD-ROM media that can hold 74 or 80 minutes of data (80 min. is the maximum designed capacity). Originally, the maximum was only 74 minutes (of 640 MB of data), which is approximately the length of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony. The user data capacity of the CD-ROM is the number of user bytes per sector, times 75 sectors (user data) per second, times the total time recorded in the disc. Furthermore, the total, in Megabytes, will depend on the definition of Megabyte (2 ^20, or Million bytes). Therefore, for a 60 min. CD-ROM, we arrive to the figure of true 527 Megabytes. Obviously, this figure will be much higher for a 80-minute CD-ROM. Moreover, with multimedia CD-ROMs, capacities have the ability to record in “Mode 2”, which allows more space for user data (2336 bytes/sector). It is therefore possible to produce a 74- minute disc, in Mode 2, with about 741 true Megabytes of user data in it--within the ISO 9660 specifications. Using millions to mean megabytes (or billions to mean Gigabytes), the figures will obviously be slightly larger--and this practice has become more common. Users must take these variables into account when discussing CD capacities.Capacity of DVD
The DVD specifications emphasize the 12cm disc, which involves single and dual-layer, as well as single and double- sided discs, as shown in the following chart. The generic designations are: DVD-5, DVD-9, DVD-10 and DVD-18. DVD-R is implemented with a capacity of 3.95GB, and DVD-RAM with a capacity of 2.66GB--although now DVD-R’s are 4.7 GB and DVD-RAM’s match that in Type II. Incidentally, we should also note that the DVD specifications include the much-less common 8cm format, with the same layer and side options of the 12cm disc--their corresponding capacities are shown below. The playing time of a DVD Video depends on the average video stream, which depends on the quality of video and audio output. An average video stream of 4.7 Mbits/sec leads to 133 minutes playing time per single layer--a figure often used to mean much more than that.Single-Layer | Double-Layer
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**DVD-5** **DVD-9**
12cm. 4.7 GB 8.5 GB
8cm. 1.4 GB 2.6 GB
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Double-Side **DVD-10** **DVD-18**
12cm. 9.4 GB 17.0 GB
8cm 2.9 GB 5.3 GB
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New media coming out now has dual layer (8.4 GB of storage capacity)… however it should be noted that this is brand new and will not work on a majority of set-top DVD players.
CD
The Compact Disc was first implemented commercially for storing digital audio data (CD-Digital Audio). The physical specifications for the 12cm disc, since known as CD have become an international standard. The CD is made up of a polycarbonate substrate, a thin reflective metallic layer (the mirror-like is aluminum), and a lacquer coating. The encoded data track is a continuous spiral track of about 1.6 to 2.2 microns wide, and the pits are about 0.6 microns wide.CD Business Card
A CD business card serves the same function as a paper, plastic or metal business card, but affords the bearer the opportunity to distribute audio files, images, even dynamic presentations due to the mini-disc’s ability to store up to 49.5 or 80 MBs of data depending on the shape and brand of disc used. A CD business card may be round, square or oblong but is about the size of an ordinary business card. CD business cards are designed to fit within the 80 mm tray of a computer's CD-ROM drive. They are playable in most computer CD drives, but will do not function in slot-loading drives due to their small size.CD Duplication
CD duplication refers to the process of using towers of 'burners' (recording units) to take the information stored on a compact disc, usually consisting of audio files, text files, or visual files, and duplicating the information over and over again on to any number of new compact discs. Each disc then contains the exact information that was contained on the original CD. Since CD duplication is a time-consuming process, many large scale CD duplication projects are handled by firms or companies who specialize in multi-media duplication serviceCD R Duplication
The CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a variation of the compact disc that is highly compatible with standard CD readers/players and is available over-the-counter in many brands. CD R duplication refers to the process of using towers of ‘burners’ (recording units) to take the information stored on a CD-R disc, usually consisting of audio files, text files, or visual files, and duplicating the information over and over again on to any number of new CD-Rs. Each disc then contains the exact information that was contained on the original CD-R. Since CD R duplication is a time-consuming process, most large scale CD-R duplication projects are handled by firms or companies who specialize in multi-media duplication services.CD-Recordable
CD-Recordable technology allows production of CD-ROMs on the desktop ('one-offs'). It requires a PC, a CD-R recorder or drive, appropriate software, and 'recordable' media.. The 'one- off' is very different from replicated CDs. It is sold pregrooved, in 74 or 80 minute capacities, and it involves a layered structure--with a sensitive chemical recording layer. Once recorded, the CD-R disc (one-off) is read in the same way as the replicated CDs. Learn more about CD-R replication services here.CD Replication
CD replication refers to the process by which countless recorded CDs can be mass-produced from a single "master" CD. A master CD is created using one of several processes, and each new CD is "stamped" with the master CD, creating a clean original version. When creating a large number of CDs from a CD R, CD R replication can be considerably less expensive than using the CD duplicating process.CD-ROM
The Compact Disc-Read Only Memory is the standard 12cm CD formatted according to the ISO 9660. Although the physical characteristics and track structure of a CD-ROM are the same as that of CD-Audio, a CD-ROM is used to store computer data (text, graphics). The logical volume and file structure of CD-ROM, specified in the ISO 9660 allows it to be used in the computer arena. Therefore, a CD with computer data that is not structured according to the ISO 9660 is not a standard CD.Compression
The large file size of audio, graphics and video files for CD-ROM applications reinforced the development of hardware and software compression-decompression procedures. Most compression algorithms are designed with specific types of files in mind (text, audio, video, graphics, etc).CSS
Content Scrambling System (CSS), implemented by the DVD Consortium, implements the Analog Protection System (APS) and the Data Encryption Standard (DES), to protect the contents of a DVD-Video title from being downloaded or dumped and reused. One major option that implements the APS is Macrovision (to degrade the analog stream being copied). The technology involves special DES algorithms to scramble critical sectors of the DVD-Video, creation of special 'keys' for guiding the descrambling process by chips in the DVD-player or on an add-in board in the PC, and use of an APS to prevent an analog signal be diverted or captured 'clear' or at high quality (before it reaches the monitor or TV screen.DAT
Digital Audio Tape, generally high-quality 4mm magnetic tape in a cassette, with capacities up to over 1 Gigabyte, that has been used in the computer industry (where it is referred to as DDS) mainly as an archival and back-up medium. For CD-ROM, it is used as a transfer medium. For DVD, which deals in gigabytes, DAT has been replaced by Digital Linear Tape (DLT).DLT (Digital Linear Tape) and SDLT (Super Digital Linear Tape)
DLT is the standard for replication and transfer of DVD’s because they offer a higher storage capacity than do DDS (DAT tapes specifically made for computer data) tapes. DLT tapes can range in storage from 10 to 40 GB. The new SDLT format allows double that capacity, up to 80 GB with compression (see compression). DLT is the standard for use in making DVD stampers, however, many replicators can now make stampers from DVD-R media as well.Digital Asset Management
Digital asset management refers to decisions & tasks involved with the storage, retrieval and cataloguing of digital assets such as animations, audio files, videos and digital photos that are managed electronically. Digital asset management can consist of the conversion of large amounts of information into manageable files that are stored and manipulated using software systems, as well as the preservation of valuable data by conversion into digital media that is stored – usually on compact discs and DVDs. Digital asset management enables companies and creatives to preserve their information in a safe and remarkably-compact manner, as well as to access and manipulate that information as needed via software and hardware systems.Digital Bin
In cassette production, a digital audio playback device replaying sound representing both sides of a cassette repeatedly at high speed.Digitisation
Digitisation generally refers to the process of converting data and information (in paper, analog sound tracks, graphics, etc..) into binary coded files for use in computers. Text can be typed or OCR'd, graphics are scanned, analog video signals are digitised, sound is sampled and quantised, and so on.DVCAM
DVCAM is a professional, international standard for high-quality digital video production. It utilizes a ¼ inch (6.35 mm) metal evaporate tape for recording and playback purposes. Comparisons between DVCAM, DV and DVCPRO formats are quite similar, with the DV format aimed more at consumers and DVCAM and DVCPRO both aimed more at producers and professional videographers. DVCAM has a larger track pitch than DV and a smaller one than DVCPRO. It is used with the Sony DVCAM system.DVD
DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc, since it can be used with Video, Audio or computer data. DVD is also used generically as the defined ‘Orange Book’ standard for a disc that can be used in a DVD Player or DVD-ROM computer drive. A disc must be setup only in this way in order to receive a ‘DVD’ logo stamp on it.DVD Authoring
DVD authoring refers to the process of creating a DVD video that can be played on a DVD player. DVD authoring software and hardware conforms to a set of standards that was set into place in 1995 by the DVD forum group. The DVD Forum is an international organization composed of hardware, software, media and content companies that use and develop the DVD and HD DVD formats. Most DVD authoring applications are for video DVDs and do not support the creation of audio DVDs.DVD Duplication
Also known as the Digital Versatile Disc or the Digital Video Disc, the DVD is a popular optical storage media format used for data storage. The main uses for DVDs are for movies, data archiving, and software. Most DVDs feature the same dimensions as compact discs but can store more than 6 times the data. DVD duplication is the process of using towers of ‘burners’ (recording units) to take the information stored on a DVD and duplicate the information over and over again on to any number of new DVDs. Each disc then contains the exact information that was contained on the original DVD. Since DVD duplication is a time-consuming process, many large scale DVD duplication projects are handled by firms or companies who specialize in multi-media duplication services.DVD Replication
DVD replication is the process by which countless recorded DVDs can be mass-produced from a single “master” DVD. A master DVD is created using one of several processes, and each new DVD is “stamped” with the master DVD, creating a clean original version. When creating a large number of DVDs, DVD replication can be considerably less expensive than producing copies using the DVD duplicating process.DVD-R
DVD- Recordable. DVD-R has a capacity of up to 4.7 GB per side, and uses dye polymer technology (same as CD-R). New to the market are ‘dual-layer’ DVD-R’s, which have a total data capacity of 8.4 GB. Although the new media will read in many conventional DVD-ROM computer drives, most set-top players will not recognize them, however the reading of discs produced with DVD-R duplication is becoming more and more common in set-top players.DVD Authoring
DVD authoring refers to the process of creating a DVD video that can be played on a DVD player. DVD authoring software and hardware conforms to a set of standards that was set into place in 1995 by the DVD forum group. The DVD Forum is an international organization composed of hardware, software, media and content companies that use and develop the DVD and HD DVD formats. Most DVD authoring applications are for video DVDs and do not support the creation of audio DVDs.DVD Duplication
Also known as the Digital Versatile Disc or the Digital Video Disc, the DVD is a popular optical storage media format used for data storage. The main uses for DVDs are for movies, data archiving, and software. Most DVDs feature the same dimensions as compact discs but can store more than 6 times the data. DVD duplication is the process of using towers of ‘burners’ (recording units) to take the information stored on a DVD and duplicate the information over and over again on to any number of new DVDs. Each disc then contains the exact information that was contained on the original DVD. Since DVD duplication is a time-consuming process, many large scale DVD duplication projects are handled by firms or companies who specialize in multi-media duplication services.DVD Replication
DVD replication is the process by which countless recorded DVDs can be mass-produced from a single “master” DVD. A master DVD is created using one of several processes, and each new DVD is “stamped” with the master DVD, creating a clean original version. When creating a large number of DVDs, DVD replication can be considerably less expensive than producing copies using the DVD duplicating process.
DVD Audio
DVD Audio is an extension of the DVD specification, which applies to audio-only discs of much higher capacity. DVD-Audio discs can only be played in players that specifically support this format. It is useful for creating or archiving large volumes of audio work (such as the complete symphonies of Mozart), but users need to be aware that not all players will read and playback DVD-Audio unless the players specifically states it on the front of the unit.Encoding
In the computer industry, programmers and users see and work with higher level languages, but the processors deal with machine languages and binary code. To use optical technology, it was necessary to develop an encoding scheme that would produce an effective optical code of pits and lands (pits are the data and the lands are the gaps between each pit)--one that can be decoded easily to produce the 8-bit code used by the PC. The resulting optical encoding scheme, uses a 14-bit byte (see Byte)--in which the 1s represent the transitions between lands and pits, and the 0s represent the run-lengths. In addition, there are various other sets of system and error detection and correction bits that are encoded so that the technology works as designed--but the user does not deal with these. The mastering machines do the encoding, and, when reading the disc, the controller card of the drive does all the decoding. For video compression, as in MPEG encoding or decoding, these terms refer to the creation of codes (frequency coefficients) that are used to represent the 'compressed' video stream, and to the decompression or 'decoding' that is performed to produce the video frame on the user's screen.Frame Rate
Commonly, frame rates are used to imply video display speeds, and the higher the frame rate (video speed) the better the motion (up to 30 frames/sec). But, users must be aware that a video clip involves two frame rates: a compression frame rate and a display frame rate, and these can be different due to hardware, type of video, and other variables.Full-motion Video
In general terms, it implies video display of continuous movement, at a frame rate that minimizes delays between frames (jerkiness of movement in the picture). More and more, however, it is used to mean full-screen video that plays at 29.97 frames/sec in NTSC format, or 25 frames/sec in PAL format.
HD DVD
HD DVD stands for high definition digital video disc. It is a high-density format designed for the storage of data and high-definition video. This format stores up to 30GB in a dual layer version. HD DVD promises greater image clarity, detail and color in video due to a greater number of pixels per inch within the display.High Definition DVD
High Definition DVD, or HD DVD as it is often abbreviated, is a high-density format designed for the storage of data and high-definition video. This format stores up to 30GB in a dual layer version. The High Definition DVD format is capable of storing about 3.5 times the data as a traditional DVD, and promises greater image clarity, color and detail in video due to a greater number of pixels per inch within the display.Injection Molding
This is a common industrial process to produce plastic products of all shapes. The injection molding machines fitted with appropriate stampers, stamp or press the molten polycarbonate. Thus, the replicate is allowed to cool before it is then metallized and given a coat of protective lacquer.Jewel Case
This is the clear plastic shipping and storage case for CD/DVDs. The disc sits on a transparent or opaque plastic tray with plastic ‘fingers’ in the center to secure the disc from moving excessively.JPEG
A versatile and popular color graphics compression specification adopted by the Joint Photographic Experts Group. JPEG images are popular on the web because the compression that they use allows them to be made very small, so they are easy to transfer and take up small space on a web server, CD-ROM, etc. Many scanners for computers can now scan an image directly to a JPEG image (for emailing, storage, etc.)Macrovision
Macrovision is the name of a company that develops and sells secured distribution, licensing and access control technologies for electronically-delivered intellectual properties and creative works – such as music and videos, computer software and video games, and web publishing applications. Macrovision protects created electronic products from illegal and unauthorized reproduction and access. Macrovision customers include the majority of the Fortune 500 companies, movie studios, record labels, PC game producers, and consumer electronic device manufacturers.Mini CD
A mini CD is simply a smaller version of a regular CD, and can be used to store data in the form of text, images, audio files, and any other application that can fit into its 80 mm sized surface. A mini CD can hold up to 24 minutes of music or 180 MB of data. Roughly the size of an adult’s palm, mini CDs are sometimes called CD singles or pocket CDs and are often used for distributing small amounts of information such as device drivers. They are also used for business card applications. Mini CDs will play in any CD player or computer tray that has the deeper well for the approx. 3” disc to fit within. Slot-style players cannot accommodate a mini CD.Mini DVD
A mini DVD is simply a smaller version of a traditional DVD, approx. 3’” in size and capable of storing 30 minutes of video or 1.4 GB of data. Developed for use in camcorders, a mini DVD can be played back on most DVD players and in SLP mode. Also known as a video-single or DVD single, the mini DVD is often used for making copies of Gamecube games, etc.MPEG
A codec adopted by ISO's Motion Pictures Expert Group for compression and playback of full-motion video and audio streams. There are many different versions of the MPEG codec, the most popular are the MPEG-1 format, commonly used to encode video to CD’s, MPEG-2 which is used to encode DVD video, and MPEG-3 which is a higher compression format, familiar to almost everyone by it’s generic designation, MP3.Multimedia
This is the exciting and still growing arena of applications that use CD-ROM and DVD-ROM. Multimedia applications include text, sound, and motion video in what are mostly new categories of informational, educational, and entertainment products--and which have also helped define the new arena of 'infotainment.' Multimedia uses CD-ROM as its main file storage device, however DVD-ROM is gaining popularity also. Since video files can be very large, multimedia has led to the growth of specialized software, efficient hardware, and compression solutions. Video Transfer offers a large variety of multimedia services.NTSC
The American National Television Standards Committee supports the NTSC signal and display technology used in the TV industries of North America, Japan, and a many other countries. It specifies 525 lines/screen, and 29.97 frames/sec. NTSC is also facetiously known as Never The Same Colour, because of the system's difficulty in maintaing consistent colour.PAL
Phase Alternating Line, a television standard that is used by European, Asian and some Latin American Countries. It specifies 625 lines/screen running at a frame rate of 25 frames/second. Also known as Picture Alwasy Lousy, and Perfect At Last, depending on which side of the pond you reside!Replication
In optical technology, replication refers to mass replication of optical discs (CD/DVD). See injection molding. CD Replication, DVD replication, and CD R Replication are among the services offered .ROM
Read Only Memory. The term originally applied to read-only memory chips used in computers. With the growth of optical storage, the term read-only now includes compact disc products (CD-ROM, CD-I, CD-ROM XA, CD-Recordable, etc) as well as DVD disc products (DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD+R, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM).SECAM
SECAM is the television standard for France as well as some African and Russian stations. The color is actually recorded in the vertical interval, unlike PAL and NTSC which record in the horizontal ‘blanking area’ SECAM stands for Sequential Coleur avec Memoire and has a video specification of 625 lines/frame and 25 frames/second. All broadcast formats (for example, HDCAM, Betacam SP and Digital Betacam) do not support SECAM; instead a PAL tape must be made, with a standards conversion taking place at the time of airing.Variable Bit Rate
DVD specifies a Constant Linear Velocity (CLV) of 3.49 m/s, giving a transfer rate of 11.08 Mbits/sec--although 9.8 Mbits/sec is the top usable limit. But, MPEG-2 implements variable bit rate encoding (often called variable rate bitstream encoding), because it helps optimize quality in the program video stream while providing for maximum compression. Essentially, the sequences with high degree of motion are allowed higher data rates than the sequences with lower degrees of motion. It uses track buffers, intermittent reads, and even a complex ‘double pass’ process to achieve a high quality data stream within the allocated bandwidth (variable bit rate decoding for the video, the audio streams, and the subtitles). Obviously, the average bit rate in DVD-Video depends on the complexity of the video application, and can be anywhere up to the maximum of 9.8 Mbits/sec (higher rates up to the 11.08 Mbits/sec will not play in DVD-drives and players). An average bit rate of 4.7 Mbits/sec is generally used along with 133 minutes of high quality video to describe DVD-Video performance from a single layer disc (capacity up to 4.7 gigabytes of data) .R-Quest CD/DVD/Blu-Ray Duplicators and Printers IMT Continuous Bulk Ink Printers and Duplicators Microtech Corporate Disc Duplication and Printing Systems Continuous Bulk Ink Printers All Pro Solutions CD, DVD & Blu-Ray Duplicators
Microboards CD/DVD/Blu-Ray Duplicators & Printers
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